Expert Q&A: Beekeeping Pest Control Strategies & Insights

Dr. Anya Sharma · 2026-02-06

Hey there, fellow beekeepers. Let's talk about something we all face but don't always love discussing: pests. It's the unglamorous side of the job, right? But managing those little invaders is what separates a thriving hive from a struggling one. I sat down with an expert to get some real-world advice, and I want to share those insights with you. We're going to move beyond the basics and dig into practical strategies. Think of this as a conversation with a colleague who's been in the trenches. We'll cover the common culprits, some preventative measures you can start today, and how to handle an infestation without reaching for the harshest chemicals first. ### Common Pests in the American Apiary First, let's identify the usual suspects. In the U.S., the Varroa mite is public enemy number one. These tiny parasites weaken bees and spread viruses. Then you've got the small hive beetle, which can turn a beautiful comb into a slimy mess in no time. Wax moths are another headache, especially in weaker colonies or stored equipment. Knowing what you're up against is half the battle. ### Building Your First Line of Defense Prevention is always cheaper and easier than a cure. Start with strong, healthy colonies. A robust hive can often fend off pests better on its own. Keep your equipment clean and well-maintained. Regularly rotate out old, dark comb—it's a magnet for pests. Screen bottom boards can help with mite monitoring and drop counts. It's about creating an environment that's just not that inviting for the bad guys. Here are a few simple, non-chemical steps you can implement this season: - Use drone comb to trap Varroa mites, as they prefer drone brood. - Ensure good hive ventilation to deter small hive beetles who love damp, humid conditions. - Freeze stored frames or comb for at least 48 hours to kill any wax moth eggs or larvae. - Maintain a tidy apiary; keep grass trimmed and avoid leaving old equipment lying around. ### When Treatment Becomes Necessary Sometimes, despite our best efforts, intervention is needed. The key is to be strategic. Monitor your mite levels regularly with an alcohol wash or sugar roll. Don't just treat on a calendar schedule—treat based on actual thresholds. When you do need a treatment, consider integrated pest management (IPM). This might mean starting with softer options like formic acid or oxalic acid vaporization before moving to harder synthetics, if needed. Always, always follow the label instructions to the letter. One expert I spoke with put it well: 'Think of pest control like tending a garden. You're not trying to sterilize the soil; you're trying to manage the ecosystem so your plants—or in our case, bees—can thrive.' It's a balance. Rotate your treatment methods to prevent resistance. And remember, treating in the fall is critical to ensure your bees go into winter strong and healthy. ### The Human Element in Hive Health Finally, don't underestimate your own role. Your consistent, observant presence is the best tool you have. Get into the habit of thorough inspections. Look for the signs: irregular brood patterns, bees with deformed wings, or beetles scurrying in the corners. Keep good records. What works in one yard might not work in another due to local conditions. Talk to other beekeepers in your area. Sharing what's working (and what's not) makes us all better stewards. Pest control isn't a one-and-done deal. It's an ongoing conversation between you, your bees, and the environment. It requires patience, observation, and a willingness to adapt. But getting it right means healthier bees, better honey yields, and the deep satisfaction of knowing you're giving your colonies their best shot at success. Now, let's get out there and check on those hives.